Although China was the center of civilization in East Asia and a major influence on Japan, much of that influence came to Japan through Korea rather than directly from China. If Chinese influence was responsible for major changes in Japan – the import of Buddhism, writing, Confucianism, and technology – then Korea was the active… [Read more]
The Early Road System
Most accounts date the origins of a national system of highways to 702AD: the year of the Taiho Code. Among other things, the Taiho reforms formalized a system of national administration (known as the “Ritsuryo system”), based on a division of the country into seven major regions, or ‘circuits’, and an additional one incorporating the… [Read more]
The First Cities
During the 7th century a centralized political state gradually emerged, providing the foundations for a unified Japan under the direct control of the emperor. After a number of imperial palaces had been built, then later dismantled, at various sites near modern-day Nara and Osaka the first imperial and administrative capital was built at Fujiwara at… [Read more]
Chinese Influence
Contact between Japan and China goes back to around 200AD, according to the Chinese histories, and the influence of China on Japan is as deep as it is long. Whether you look at language, culture, political institutions, or the Nakasendo itself, Chinese influence is readily apparent. At the same time, Japan has always remained different,… [Read more]